DEFINING AND NON DEFINING RELATIVE CLAUSES

🌷What’s the Difference Between Defining and Non-Defining Relative Clauses?🌷

👉Defining and non-defining clauses are both types of relative clauses – clauses that share some extra information about something.

👉But apart from that the two types of clauses are a little different. Read on to find out what makes each unique!

🍁What is a relative clause?🍁

👉Before we can identify the differences between defining and non-defining clauses, it’s helpful to understand what a relative clause actually is.

👉Relative clauses are used to state additional information about the noun in the sentence.  It’s usually just a phrase or clause, that’s included as part of the main sentence.

🍁Let’s take a look at an example:🍁

👉“The celebrity, who was a major film star, was photographed on the red carpet.”

👉The phrase “who was a major film star” adds some extra information to the sentence, so you can understand a little more about the subject, the celebrity.

👉Now let’s take a closer look at the two types of clauses.

🍁What is a defining relative clause?🍁

👉While both types of relative clauses add extra information to the sentence, a defining relative clause clearly adds detail about a specific noun that is defined.

🍁Let’s look at some examples:🍁

👉“My brother who finished university this summer is spending the year travelling.”

👉“The house whose doors are shuttered is rumoured to be haunted!”

👉In both the examples above, you can see an extra clause in the middle of the sentence following the words “who” or “whose” which contain additional information. They relate to a specific noun that has been pointed out uniquely identified: “my brother” or “the house”.

👉So how do you put together a defining relative clause? You’ll need to use a relative pronoun such as “who”, “whose” or “which”.

👉An important point to note is that without the additional clause, the sentence would not retain the same meaning.

🍁What is a non-defining relative clause?🍁

👉Non-defining clauses still add extra information, but not in the same way. While they tell you something additional, they’re not necessary to the meaning of the sentence, but just add an extra non-essential dimension.

🍁For example:🍁

👉“The private yacht, which was rumoured to be the most expensive in the world, belonged to the mysterious couple.”

👉While the clause certainly tells you something interesting about the topic, the sentence would still retain the main meaning conveyed without it:
“The private yacht belonged to the mysterious couple.”

👉Non-defining clauses also use relative pronouns, just as defining clauses do.

👉The only difference is that you cannot use “that” with a non-defining clause, unlike defining clauses.

👉So apart from that, what else makes them different? It’s easy to spot a non-defining clause in writing, as you’ll see that the clause is separated by commas at the start and end of it!

🍁Your turn🍁

👉A good way to learn more about defining and non-defining clauses is by reading. So try to read as much as possible and see if you can spot the two types!

👉Then try and write your own, by creating sentences with some extra information. See if you can separate the difference in meaning between the two types of clauses.

💟💟💟💟💟💟💟💟💟💟

REFLECTIONS... BOOK/STORY REVIEW FORMAT

🌻🌹Reflections🌹🌻

BOOK/STORY REVIEW FORMAT

Points to be followed while writing a book/story review:

I. Physical Features :

1. Name of the book:
2. Name of the Author:
3. No of pages, cover page, cost, publishers etc.


II. About illustrations:

1. What was the story about?
2. Who were the main characters?
3. Who was your favourite character? Why?
4. What is the theme/moral of the story?

III. Reflections:

1. Did you like the book/story?
Or
Did you enjoy reading it?
2. What was your favorite part of the book?
3. If you could change something in the book, What it would be?
4. Would you recommend this book to anyone? Why? Why not?

WORDS RELATED TO ROOM AND PLACE

🌴Words related to room and place🌴

1. Shed
A separated building from the house usually for storing garden tools.

2. Loft
A room or space directly under the roof of a house or other building, used for accommodation or storage.

3. Attic
A space or room inside or partly inside the roof of a building.

4. Cellar
A room below ground level in a house, often used for storing wine or coal.

5. Basement
Room below ground level, with windows, used for living and working.

6. Landing
Flat area at the top of a staircase.

7. Porch
Covered area before the entrance door.

8. Pantry or larder
A room or large cupboard for storing food.

9. Terrace or patio
Paved area between the house and garden for sitting and eating, etc.

10. Study
A room for reading, writing, studying in.

11. Balcony 
An area with a wall or bars around it that is joined to the outside wall of a building on an upper level.

FIGURES OF SPEECH

*FIGURES OF SPEECH*

Figure-of-Speech may be classified as under:

1. Those based on resemblance
• Simile
• Metaphor
• Personification
• Apostrophe

2. Those based on Contrast:
• Antithesis
• Epigram
* Oxymoron
* Paradox

3. Those based on Association:
• Metonymy
• Synecdoche

4. Those depending on Construction:
• Climax
• Anticlimax

*1. ALLITERATION :* Alliteration refers to the repetition of of an initial consonant sound, at least three times in a sentence.

*EXAMPLES :*
• A peck of pickled peppers
• Don't delay dawns disarming display. Dusk demands daylight.
• Sara's seven sisters slept soundly in sand.
 • Sally sells sea shells by the seashore”

*2. SIMILE :*  In Simile, a comparison is made between two object of different kinds which have at least one point in common. The Simile is introduced by the word ‘as…as’ or 'like'.

“Life is like a box of chocolates; you never know what you’re going to get”

*EXAMPLES:*
• As active as quicksilver
• As afraid as a grasshopper
• As ageless as the sun
• As agile as a cat
• As agile as a monkey
• As alert as a bird
• As alike as two peas
• As alone as a leper
• As alone as Crusoe
• As ambitious as the devil

*3. METAPHOR :* An implied comparison between two unlike things that actually have something important in common (as if two things were one.)

*EXAMPLES:*
• The camel is the ship of the desert.
• Life is a dream.
• The news was a dragger to his heart.
• Revenge is a kind of wild justice.
• “My heart is a lonely hunter that hunts on a lonely hill”

*** *NOTE* : Every SIMILE can be compressed into a METAPHOR, and Every METAPHOR can be expanded into a SIMILE.

*EXAMPLES:*
• Tanaji fought as fiercely as a loin. (Simile)
• Tanaji was a lion in the fight. (Metaphor)

• The waves thundered on the shore. (Metaphor)
• The waves broke on the shore with noise like a thunder. (Simile)

•My love is like a red, red rose,
 That's newly sprung in June. (Simile)
• Love is a rose but you better not pick it. (Metaphor)

*4. ANTITHESIS :* In Antithesis, a striking opposition or contrast of words or sentiments is made in the same sentence. It is employed to secure emphasis.

*EXAMPLES:*
• Man proposes, but God disposes.
• Not that I loved Caesar less, but I loved Rome more.
• Speech is silver, but Silence is Gold.
• Many are called, but few are chosen.
• To err is human, but to forgive on divine.

*5. OXYMORON :* A figure of speech in which  contradictory terms appear side by side or at once of the same thing.

*EXAMPLES:*
• She accepted it as the kind cruelty of surgeon’s knife.
• It is an open secret.

*6. PARADOX :* A statement that appears to contradict itself in the same sentence.

*EXAMPLES :*
“War is peace. Ignorance is strength. Freedom is slavery.” Though we know these things aren’t true, they present an interesting paradox that makes a person think seriously about what they have just read or heard.

*7. IRONY :* The use of words to convey the opposite of their literal meaning.  It is often used to poke fun at a situation that everyone else sees as a very serious matter.

*EXAMPLES :*
“Gentlemen, you can’t fight in here! This is the War Room!”

 *8. APOSTROPHE :*  An Apostrophe is a direct address to the dead, to the absent, or to a personified object or idea. This figure is a special form of Personification.

*EXAMPLES:*
• Milton! You should not be living at this hour.
• Friend! I know not which way I must look for comfort.
• Roll on! Thou deep and dark blue Ocean, roll.
• Death! Where is thy sting? O Grave! Where is thy victory?

 *9. EUPHEMISM :* Euphemism consists in the description of a disagreeable thing by an agreeable name.

*EXAMPLES:*
• You are telling me a fairy tale. (You are telling me lies)
• He is gone to heaven. (He is dead)
•We have to let you go. (You're fired.)
•You're well fed. (You're fat.)

*10. HYPERBOLE :* Hyperbole is an exaggerated statement for the purpose of emphasis or heightened effect.

*EXAMPLES:*
• W*FIGURES OF SPEECH*

Figure-of-Speech may be classified as under:

1. Those based on resemblance
• Simile
• Metaphor
• Personification
• Apostrophe

2. Those based on Contrast:
• Antithesis
• Epigram
* Oxymoron
* Paradox

3. Those based on Association:
• Metonymy
• Synecdoche

4. Those depending on Construction:
• Climax
• Anticlimax

*1. ALLITERATION :* Alliteration refers to the repetition of of an initial consonant sound, at least three times in a sentence.

*EXAMPLES :*
• A peck of pickled peppers
• Don't delay dawns disarming display. Dusk demands daylight.
• Sara's seven sisters slept soundly in sand.
 • Sally sells sea shells by the seashore”

*2. SIMILE :*  In Simile, a comparison is made between two object of different kinds which have at least one point in common. The Simile is introduced by the word ‘as…as’ or 'like'.

“Life is like a box of chocolates; you never know what you’re going to get”

*EXAMPLES:*
• As active as quicksilver
• As afraid as a grasshopper
• As ageless as the sun
• As agile as a cat
• As agile as a monkey
• As alert as a bird
• As alike as two peas
• As alone as a leper
• As alone as Crusoe
• As ambitious as the devil

*3. METAPHOR :* An implied comparison between two unlike things that actually have something important in common (as if two things were one.)

*EXAMPLES:*
• The camel is the ship of the desert.
• Life is a dream.
• The news was a dragger to his heart.
• Revenge is a kind of wild justice.
• “My heart is a lonely hunter that hunts on a lonely hill”

*** *NOTE* : Every SIMILE can be compressed into a METAPHOR, and Every METAPHOR can be expanded into a SIMILE.

*EXAMPLES:*
• Tanaji fought as fiercely as a loin. (Simile)
• Tanaji was a lion in the fight. (Metaphor)

• The waves thundered on the shore. (Metaphor)
• The waves broke on the shore with noise like a thunder. (Simile)

•My love is like a red, red rose,
 That's newly sprung in June. (Simile)
• Love is a rose but you better not pick it. (Metaphor)

*4. ANTITHESIS :* In Antithesis, a striking opposition or contrast of words or sentiments is made in the same sentence. It is employed to secure emphasis.

*EXAMPLES:*
• Man proposes, but God disposes.
• Not that I loved Caesar less, but I loved Rome more.
• Speech is silver, but Silence is Gold.
• Many are called, but few are chosen.
• To err is human, but to forgive on divine.

*5. OXYMORON :* A figure of speech in which  contradictory terms appear side by side or at once of the same thing.

*EXAMPLES:*
• She accepted it as the kind cruelty of surgeon’s knife.
• It is an open secret.

*6. PARADOX :* A statement that appears to contradict itself in the same sentence.

*EXAMPLES :*
“War is peace. Ignorance is strength. Freedom is slavery.” Though we know these things aren’t true, they present an interesting paradox that makes a person think seriously about what they have just read or heard.

*7. IRONY :* The use of words to convey the opposite of their literal meaning.  It is often used to poke fun at a situation that everyone else sees as a very serious matter.

*EXAMPLES :*
“Gentlemen, you can’t fight in here! This is the War Room!”

 *8. APOSTROPHE :*  An Apostrophe is a direct address to the dead, to the absent, or to a personified object or idea. This figure is a special form of Personification.

*EXAMPLES:*
• Milton! You should not be living at this hour.
• Friend! I know not which way I must look for comfort.
• Roll on! Thou deep and dark blue Ocean, roll.
• Death! Where is thy sting? O Grave! Where is thy victory?

 *9. EUPHEMISM :* Euphemism consists in the description of a disagreeable thing by an agreeable name.

*EXAMPLES:*
• You are telling me a fairy tale. (You are telling me lies)
• He is gone to heaven. (He is dead)
•We have to let you go. (You're fired.)
•You're well fed. (You're fat.)

*10. HYPERBOLE :* Hyperbole is an exaggerated statement for the purpose of emphasis or heightened effect.

*EXAMPLES:*
• Why, man, if the river is dry, I am able to fill it with tears.
• Hmalet! You have not cleft my heart in twain.
•“It was as big as a mountain! It was faster than a cheetah! It was dumber than a rock!”

*11. SYNECDOCHE :* A figure of speech in which a part is used to represent the whole

*EXAMPLES :*
ABCs for alphabet or the whole for a part
England won the World Cup in 1966.
Seeing eyes, helping hands.

*12. ONOMATOPOEIA :* This is the use of a word that actually sounds like what it means.

Onomatopoeia (pronounced ON-a-MAT-a-PEE-a) refers to words (such as bow-wow and hiss ) that imitate the sounds
 
Good examples include “hiss” or “ding-dong” or “fizz.”

*13. PERSONIFICATION :* In Personification, inanimate objects and abstract notions are spoken of as having life and intelligence.

 This is a way of giving an inanimate object the qualities of a living thing.

*EXAMPLES:*
• Death lays its icy hands on King.
• Pride goes forth on horseback, grand and gay.
• Laughter is holding her both sides.
•“The tree quaked with fear as the wind approached”
•“The sun smiled down on her”

 *14. PUN :* A play on words , sometimes on different senses of the same word and sometimes on the similar sense or sound of different words.

A form of wordplay using similar sounding words.

*EXAMPLES:*
 “The wedding was so emotional that even the cake was in tiers (tears).”

“Two silk worms had a race and ended in a tie.” - A “tie” can of course either be when neither party wins, but in this pun also refers to the piece of clothing usually made from silk.

“Why can a man never starve in the Great Desert? Because he can eat the sand which is there. But what brought the sandwiches there? Why, Noah sent Ham, and his descendants mustered and bred.” - There are several separate puns, including the pun on “sand which” and “sandwich,” as well as “Ham” (a Biblical figure) and “ham” and the homophonic puns on “mustered”/“mustard” and “bred”/“bread.”

*15. METONYMY :* A figure of speech in which one word or phrase is substituted for another with which it's closely associated. Metonyms make associations or substitutions.

In some ways it can be seen as a nickname for something else.
However, we all understand the meaning, and so the words are interchangeable.

*EXAMPLES:*
 The place name "Bollywood," has become a metonym for the Hindi film industry.

Using the word “crown” for “king or queen” or “lab coats” for “scientists”.

“The White House said” doesn’t actually mean the White House said it (a house can’t speak!) but that the President of America (who lives in The White House)  said it.

*16. RHETORICAL QUESTION :*  A rhetorical question is a question that is asked not to get an answer, but instead to emphasize a point. They are often used to elicit thought and understanding on the part of the listener or reader.

*EXAMPLES :*
 "Marriage is a wonderful institution, but who would want to live in an institution?"

We also use rhetorical questions in common speech, such as the following statements:

Sure, why not?
Who knew?
Does it look like I care?
Are you kidding me?
Do birds fly?
Is the sky blue?

PHONEME AND MORPHEME

Morphemes are the smallest units of meaning in a language. Phonemes are the smallest units of sound in a language.
Phoneme and Morpheme

Phoneme

A phoneme is the smallest unit (sound) of language which serves to distinguish words from one another.

For example:
"bat" and "but" are two different words because they have two different phonemes.(a and u)


Counting Phonemes in a Word

cat.....3 phonemes (/k/a/t/)
cream.....4 phonemes (/k/r/ē/m/)
knock.....3 phonemes (/n/o/k/)
shadow.....4 phonemes (/sh/a/d/ō)

How many distinct phonemes are there?
This is asking how many different smallest unit of sound can we make? The answer is about 44. So we can make 44 different sounds with about 44 different mouth gestures. Here is a good list of phonemes in English.


Morpheme

A morpheme is the smallest meaningful unit of language that cannot be broken into smaller parts. A word can be composed of one or more morphemes.

Morpheme Example:

"Submarine" is a word made up of two morphemes: sub and marine.
There are two morphemes: sub and marine. However, in the same word there are eight phonemes: s, u, b, m, a, r, i, n (e is silent).

Unforgettable for instance is made up of three morphemes and twelve phonemes.
Un-forget-able (un is a prefix meaning "not" forget is the root morpheme and able is an adjective forming suffix)

CLOTHING VOCABULARY

*CLOTHING VOCABULARY*

Do up

Meaning: Fasten an item of clothing
Example: You don’t need to do up the top button.

Dress up

Meaning: Dress (oneself or another) in your best clothes
Example: You don’t need to dress up. It’s just a family get-together.

Dress up

Meaning: Put on fancy dress in children’s games
Example: For her birthday party, they had dressed her up as a fairy.

Dress down

Meaning: Wear clothes that are more informal than those you usually wear
Example: He dressed down on his first date.

Hang out

Meaning: Dry clothes outside after washing
Example: Have you hung the washing out?

Hang up

Meaning: Put something on a hook or a hanger
Example: The women hung up their coats and sat down.

Have on

Meaning: Wear an item of clothing on one’s person
Example: Melissa had her new dress on.

Kick off

Meaning: Make your shoes come off by shaking your feet
Example: He kicked his shoes off as soon as he got home.

Put on

Meaning: Dress yourself or someone else with an item or items of clothing
Example: She put on her coat and went out.

Slip on

Meaning: Put on an item of clothing easily
Example: She slipped her sandals on before she went into the sea.

Take off

Meaning: Remove any item of clothing
Example: Anna took off her sandals.

Take in

Meaning: Make clothing narrower
Example: I’ll have to take this dress in at the waist – it’s too big.

Take up

Meaning: Reduce the length of a piece of clothing
Example: I want to take this pair of pants up. It’s too long.

Try on

Meaning: Put on an item of clothing to find out whether it fits or is suitable
Example: What a lovely dress! Why don’t you try it on?

Throw on

Meaning: Put on a piece of clothing quickly and carelessly
Example: She just threw on the first skirt she found.

Turn up

Meaning: Shorten trousers, a dress or a skirt so that they fit better
Example: Her jeans were too long, so she turned them up.

Wrap up

Meaning: Put warm clothes on
Example: I could hear my mother telling me to wrap up warm.

Zip up

Meaning: To be closed by means of a zip
Example: He zipped up his leather jacket.

Let out

Meaning: Make clothing wider
Example: I’m going to have this skirt let out.

Let down

Meaning: Use the extra cloth in the hem of a piece of clothing to make it longer
Example: This skirt needs letting down.

*Happy day😊*

10th ENGLISH.. LANGUAGE FUNCTIONS

*🌺10 CLASS ENGLISH🌺*

*🌹Language Functions🌹*

*1.Asking for help or things by making polite request*.

There are different ways of making polite requests. The commonly used are:

Eg. Change the following into a polite request.
You to a stranger at the bank: "give me your pen".
Can you please give me your pen?
_ Could you please give me your pen?
_ Would you please give me your pen?
_ I wonder if you could give me your pen?
Would you mind giving me your pen?

*2.Seeking Permission*.
You want to close the window. Ask your
neighbour in the bus politely.
1. Can I shut the window?
2. May I shut the window?
3. Could I shut the window?
4. Would you mind if I shut the window?
5. Would you mind my shutting the window?

*3.Making an offer/ Offering help*
Ways of offering help.
_ Can I …… 
May I …….. 
Shall I …..
_ Let me help you
let me give a hand…..
Eg. A: I have a terrible head-ache.
B: May I get you a cup of coffee?
Shall I get you a cup of Coffee?
Can I get you a cup of Coffee?
_ An old lady in bus station struggling with a
 big suitcase. 
You may say:
May I help you? 
Or Let me help you 
or 
Let
me give you a hand

*4.Giving Advice*.
Different ways of giving advice:
_ By using Must
Should
Ought to
_ You had better…….
_ It's time…………
_ Why don't you……….
_ If I were you……. 
I would do…
Eg. Your friend is suffering from tooth-ache. 
He
 has not consulted a dentist.
Advise him to see a dentist.
1. My dear friend you must see a dentist.
2. You should see a dentist.
3. You ought to see a dentist.
4. You had better see a dentist
5. Its time you see a dentist.
6. If I were you I would see a dentist.
7. Why don't you see a dentist?

*5.Giving ideas or Suggestion*:
Different ways of giving suggestion
_ We shall
shall we
we should…………
_ Lets…….
_ Why don't we…….
_ What about……..(….ing)
_ How about……..(….ing)
Eg. Your friend wants to celebrate his birth-day
in a grand manner. 
He is asking you to give your
Ideas and suggestion as to how to make it a
 grand success and whom to invite on the occasion.

You will
you can say like this:
1. We shall invite all our class-mates
2. Shall we invite our old friends of the
School?
3. Let's invite our teachers also
4. Why don't you print invitation cards?
5. How about celebrating your birth day in the
Taj Hotel?
6. How about celebrating it in a function Hall.?

*6.Apologizing or Saying Sorry
Ways of apologizing*:
_ I am sorry
 I am so sorry
 I am extremely
sorry
 I am awfully sorry.
_ You must excuse me
 You must pardon me
E.g. You lost the pen which you borrowed from
 your friend.
 How will you apologize him.
 I am
extremely sorry to say that I lost your pen. But I will get you a new one.

*7.Responding*:
_ When someone helps you/ gives something
asked for/ gives you a gift.
1. Thank you! 
2. Thanks! 
3.Thanks a lot!
4. Its very kind of you!
 5. Its very nice of
 you
_ When someone say thank you/Thanks you:
1.You're Welcome! 
2. Its my pleasure
_ When someone says sorry or apologize you:
1. Don't worry! 
2. Never mind! 
3. Take it
easy 4. That’s all right 
5.It doesn't matter.

*8.Greetings*
Friend's birth-day: _ Happy birth-day to you!
_ Many Happy Returns of the Day!
1. To friends going on excursion or for a
 pleasant trip or picnic: 
"Have a nice time!"
2. To somebody going on a long journey:
Wish you happy and safe journey!
3. To somebody going to write an exam/attend
an interview: 
Wish you Best of Luck! Or
All the Best"!
4. To somebody who has passed an important
 exam/interview won an election/done some
thing great etc "Congratulations!"
Hearty
 Congratulations Congratulations on your
success!
5. To somebody who is in hospital for some
treatment: 
Wish you a speedy recovery
6. To someone who has lost his dear ones 
"My
deep condolences!
7. To someone who is going abroad/
 to a
foreign country.
 "Bon Voyage!"

🏵🏵🏵🏵🏵🏵🏵🏵🏵🏵

WORDS WITH SILENT LETTER "P"

 *Words with silent letter "p"*

🔹 *When 'p' is before ‘n’ at the beginning of a word, it is regularly silent.*

🍁 *Examples:*

       ▪ⓟneumonia

       ▪ⓟneumatic 

       ▪ⓟneumothorax

🔹 *When ‘p’ is before ‘s’ at the beginning of a word, it is regularly silent.*

🍁 *Examples:*

       ▪ⓟsalm

       ▪ⓟsychology

       ▪ⓟsychologist

       ▪ⓟsychiatrist

       ▪ⓟsychological

       ▪ⓟsychopath

🔹 *When ‘p’ is before ‘t’ at the beginning of a word, it is regularly silent.*

🍁 *Examples:*

        ▪ⓟtomaine

        ▪ⓟtoses 

        ▪ⓟtosis

🔹 *‘p’ is silent in a few other words, also.*

        ▪corⓟs

        ▪couⓟ 

        ▪cuⓟboard

        ▪rasⓟberry

        ▪receiⓟt.    

🍂🍂🍂🍂🍂🍂🌵🌵🌵🌵🌵🌵

ENGLISH WORDS FOR PRIMARY CHILDREN

*🔡ఇంగ్లీషులో తరచుగా వాడే పదాలు🔡*

The =ఆ, ఈ
Of =యొక్క,గురించి,లో.
And = మరియు
A = ఒక
To = కు
In = లో
Is = ఉండు, ఉన్నాడు, ఉన్నది.
You = నీవు
That = అది
It = ఇది
He = అతడు
Was =ఉండెను,
For = కొరకు
On = మీద
Are = ఉన్నారు, ఉన్నాము, ఉన్నవి.
As = లాగ, వలే
With = తో
His = అతడు
They = వారు.
I = నేను
At = వద్ద.
Be = ఉండు, అగు, సంభవించు.
This = ఇది.
Have = కలిగి ఉండు.
From = నుండి.
Or = లేదా.
One = ఒకటి.
Had = కలిగుండెను.
By = చేత, వలన.
Word = పదము.
But = కాని.
Not = కాదు,లేదు.
What = ఏమిటి.
All = అన్నీ,అంతా.
Were = కలిగి ఉండెను.
We = మేము, మనము.
When = ఎప్పుడు.
Your = నీయొక్క.
Can = సాధ్యమగు, చెంబు, గిన్నె.
Said = చెప్పెను.
There = అక్కడ.
An = ఒక.
Each = ప్రతి యొక
Which = ఏది.
She = ఆమె.
Do = చేయుట.
How = ఎలా.
Their = వారియొక్క.
If = ఐతే.
Will = కోరు, ఆశపడు.
Up = పైన.
Other = మరియొక.
About = గురించి.
Out = బయట.
Many = చాలా.
Then =అ ప్పుడు.
Them = వారి.
These = అవి.
So = కాబట్టి.
Her = ఆమెయొక్క.
Would =
Make = చేయు.
Like =ఇష్టపడు.
Him = అతనియొక్క.
Into = లోపలికి.
Time = సమయము.
Has = కలిగఉండు.
Look = చూచు.
Two = రెండు.
More = ఎక్కువ.
Write = వ్రాయుట.
Go = వెళ్ళుట.
See = చూచుట.
New = క్రొత్త.
Sound = శబ్ధము.
Take = పట్టుకొను, తీసుకొను.
Only = మాత్రము.
Little = కొన్ని, చిన్న.
Work = పని.
Snow = మంచు.
Place = స్థలము.
Year = సంవత్సరం.
Live = నివసించు.
Me = నన్ను.
Back = వెనుక.
Give = ఇచ్చుట.
Most = చాలా.
Very = ఎక్కువ.
After = తరువాత.
Thing = వస్తువు.
Our = మనది, మన.
Just =న్యాయమైన, ఇప్పుడే.
Name = పేరు.
Good = మంచి.
Sentence =వాక్యము.
Man = మనిషి.
Thin = పలుచని.
Say = చెప్పుట.
Great = గొప్పదైన.
Where = ఎక్కడ.
Help = సహాయం.
Through = గుండా.
Much = చాలా.
Before = ముందు.
Line = గీత.
Right = కుడి.
Too = చాలా.
Mean = నీచమైన, సరాసరి, తలంచు.
Old = పాత,వృద్ద.
Any = ఏదైనా.
Same = కొంత.
Tell = చెప్పట.
Boy = బాలుడు.
Following =ఆదరించు
Came = వచ్చుట.
Want =లేకయుండు, కోరిక.
Show = చూపుట.
Also = కూడా.
Around = చుట్టూ.
Form = రూపము, నమూనా.
Three = మూడు.
Small = చిన్న.
Set =వర్గము, వరుస.
Put = ఉంచుట
End = చివరి.
Does = చేయు.
Another =మరియొక.
Well = మంచి, బావి.
Large = పెద్ద, గొప్ప.
Must = తప్పనిసరి
Big =పెద్ద, గొప్ప
Even =నున్నని
Such =వంటి విధమైన
Because =కారణముచేత
Turn =వెనుకకు తిరుగు
Here =ఇక్కడ
Why =ఎందుకు
Ask =అడుగు
Went = వెళ్ళెను.
Men =మగవారు
Read =చదువుట
Need = ఆవసరం.
Land = భూమి.
Different = రకరకాలైన.
Home = ఇల్లు.
Use = ఉపయోగం.
Move = కదులుట.
Try = ప్రయత్నించు.
Every = ప్రతి.
Near = దగ్గర.
Add = కూడుట, కలుపుట.
Food = ఆహారము.
Between = మధ్యన
Own = సొంతం.
Below = దిగువ.
Country = దేశం.
Planet = గ్రహం.
Last = చివర.
School = బడి.
Father = తండ్రి.
Keep = ఉంచు.
Tree = చెట్టు.
Never =ఎప్పుడునూ లేని.
Start = మొదలు పెట్టు.
City = నగరము.
Earth = భూమి.
Eye =కన్ను
Light =కాంతి
Thought =ఆలోచన
Head =తల
Under =క్రింద
Story =కథ
Saw =రంపము
Left =ఎడమ ప్రక్క
Don’t =కాదు
Few =కొన్ని, కొంత
While =కాలము
Along =వెంట, ప్రక్కన
Might =బలం
Close = మూయుట.
Something =ఏదైన ఒకటి.
Seem =కనపడు, అగుపడు.
Next = తరువాత.
Hard = కఠినమైన, కష్టపడు.
Open = తెరచుట.
Example = ఉదాహరణ.
Beginning = ఉత్పత్తి.
Life = జీవితము.
Always =ఎల్లప్పుడు.
Those = అవి.
Both = రెండూనూ.
Paper = కాగితం.
Together = కలసిమెలసి.
Got = పొందు.
Group = సమూహము.
Often = తరచుగా.
Run = పరుగెత్తు.
Important = ముఖ్యమైన.
Until = అంత వరకు
Children = పిల్లలు.
Side = ప్రక్కన.
Feet = పాదము, అడుగు.
Car = కారు.
Mile = మైలు.
Night = రాత్రి.
Walk = నడుచు.
White = తెల్లని.
Sea = సముద్రము.
Began = ప్రారంభించు.
Grow = పెరుగు.
Took = తీసుకొనెను.
River = నది.
Four = నాలుగు.
Carry = మోసుకుపోవు.
State = స్థితి.
Once = ఒకప్పుడు, ఒకసారి.
Book = పుస్తకము.
Hear = వినుట.
Stop = ఆపుట.
Without = లేకుండా.
Second = రెండవ.
Later = తరువాత.
Miss = గురితప్పు,పెండ్లికాని యువతి.
Body = శరీరము, ఏదేని విషయము.
Music = సంగీతము.
Colour = రంగు.
Stand = నిలబడు.
Sun =సూర్యుడు.
Questions = ప్రశ్నలు.
Fish = చేప.
Area = ప్రాంతము, వైశాల్యము.
Mark =గుర్తు, చిహ్నం, అంశం.
Dog =కుక్క.
Horse =గుర్రం.
Birds =పక్షులు.
Problem =సమస్య.
Complete =పూర్తి చేయు.
Room = గది.
Knew =తెలిసుకొనెను.
Since = అప్పటినుండి.
Ever = ఎప్పుడయిన, ఎప్పటికిని.
Piece = ముక్క.
Told = చెప్పెను.
Usually = సాధారణంగా.
Didn’t = కాదు.
Friends = స్నేహితులు.
Easy = సులభంగానున్న.
Heard = వినెను.
Orde*🔡ఇంగ్లీషులో తరచుగా వాడే పదాలు🔡*

The =ఆ, ఈ
Of =యొక్క,గురించి,లో.
And = మరియు
A = ఒక
To = కు
In = లో
Is = ఉండు, ఉన్నాడు, ఉన్నది.
You = నీవు
That = అది
It = ఇది
He = అతడు
Was =ఉండెను,
For = కొరకు
On = మీద
Are = ఉన్నారు, ఉన్నాము, ఉన్నవి.
As = లాగ, వలే
With = తో
His = అతడు
They = వారు.
I = నేను
At = వద్ద.
Be = ఉండు, అగు, సంభవించు.
This = ఇది.
Have = కలిగి ఉండు.
From = నుండి.
Or = లేదా.
One = ఒకటి.
Had = కలిగుండెను.
By = చేత, వలన.
Word = పదము.
But = కాని.
Not = కాదు,లేదు.
What = ఏమిటి.
All = అన్నీ,అంతా.
Were = కలిగి ఉండెను.
We = మేము, మనము.
When = ఎప్పుడు.
Your = నీయొక్క.
Can = సాధ్యమగు, చెంబు, గిన్నె.
Said = చెప్పెను.
There = అక్కడ.
An = ఒక.
Each = ప్రతి యొక
Which = ఏది.
She = ఆమె.
Do = చేయుట.
How = ఎలా.
Their = వారియొక్క.
If = ఐతే.
Will = కోరు, ఆశపడు.
Up = పైన.
Other = మరియొక.
About = గురించి.
Out = బయట.
Many = చాలా.
Then =అ ప్పుడు.
Them = వారి.
These = అవి.
So = కాబట్టి.
Her = ఆమెయొక్క.
Would =
Make = చేయు.
Like =ఇష్టపడు.
Him = అతనియొక్క.
Into = లోపలికి.
Time = సమయము.
Has = కలిగఉండు.
Look = చూచు.
Two = రెండు.
More = ఎక్కువ.
Write = వ్రాయుట.
Go = వెళ్ళుట.
See = చూచుట.
New = క్రొత్త.
Sound = శబ్ధము.
Take = పట్టుకొను, తీసుకొను.
Only = మాత్రము.
Little = కొన్ని, చిన్న.
Work = పని.
Snow = మంచు.
Place = స్థలము.
Year = సంవత్సరం.
Live = నివసించు.
Me = నన్ను.
Back = వెనుక.
Give = ఇచ్చుట.
Most = చాలా.
Very = ఎక్కువ.
After = తరువాత.
Thing = వస్తువు.
Our = మనది, మన.
Just =న్యాయమైన, ఇప్పుడే.
Name = పేరు.
Good = మంచి.
Sentence =వాక్యము.
Man = మనిషి.
Thin = పలుచని.
Say = చెప్పుట.
Great = గొప్పదైన.
Where = ఎక్కడ.
Help = సహాయం.
Through = గుండా.
Much = చాలా.
Before = ముందు.
Line = గీత.
Right = కుడి.
Too = చాలా.
Mean = నీచమైన, సరాసరి, తలంచు.
Old = పాత,వృద్ద.
Any = ఏదైనా.
Same = కొంత.
Tell = చెప్పట.
Boy = బాలుడు.
Following =ఆదరించు
Came = వచ్చుట.
Want =లేకయుండు, కోరిక.
Show = చూపుట.
Also = కూడా.
Around = చుట్టూ.
Form = రూపము, నమూనా.
Three = మూడు.
Small = చిన్న.
Set =వర్గము, వరుస.
Put = ఉంచుట
End = చివరి.
Does = చేయు.
Another =మరియొక.
Well = మంచి, బావి.
Large = పెద్ద, గొప్ప.
Must = తప్పనిసరి
Big =పెద్ద, గొప్ప
Even =నున్నని
Such =వంటి విధమైన
Because =కారణముచేత
Turn =వెనుకకు తిరుగు
Here =ఇక్కడ
Why =ఎందుకు
Ask =అడుగు
Went = వెళ్ళెను.
Men =మగవారు
Read =చదువుట
Need = ఆవసరం.
Land = భూమి.
Different = రకరకాలైన.
Home = ఇల్లు.
Use = ఉపయోగం.
Move = కదులుట.
Try = ప్రయత్నించు.
Every = ప్రతి.
Near = దగ్గర.
Add = కూడుట, కలుపుట.
Food = ఆహారము.
Between = మధ్యన
Own = సొంతం.
Below = దిగువ.
Country = దేశం.
Planet = గ్రహం.
Last = చివర.
School = బడి.
Father = తండ్రి.
Keep = ఉంచు.
Tree = చెట్టు.
Never =ఎప్పుడునూ లేని.
Start = మొదలు పెట్టు.
City = నగరము.
Earth = భూమి.
Eye =కన్ను
Light =కాంతి
Thought =ఆలోచన
Head =తల
Under =క్రింద
Story =కథ
Saw =రంపము
Left =ఎడమ ప్రక్క
Don’t =కాదు
Few =కొన్ని, కొంత
While =కాలము
Along =వెంట, ప్రక్కన
Might =బలం
Close = మూయుట.
Something =ఏదైన ఒకటి.
Seem =కనపడు, అగుపడు.
Next = తరువాత.
Hard = కఠినమైన, కష్టపడు.
Open = తెరచుట.
Example = ఉదాహరణ.
Beginning = ఉత్పత్తి.
Life = జీవితము.
Always =ఎల్లప్పుడు.
Those = అవి.
Both = రెండూనూ.
Paper = కాగితం.
Together = కలసిమెలసి.
Got = పొందు.
Group = సమూహము.
Often = తరచుగా.
Run = పరుగెత్తు.
Important = ముఖ్యమైన.
Until = అంత వరకు
Children = పిల్లలు.
Side = ప్రక్కన.
Feet = పాదము, అడుగు.
Car = కారు.
Mile = మైలు.
Night = రాత్రి.
Walk = నడుచు.
White = తెల్లని.
Sea = సముద్రము.
Began = ప్రారంభించు.
Grow = పెరుగు.
Took = తీసుకొనెను.
River = నది.
Four = నాలుగు.
Carry = మోసుకుపోవు.
State = స్థితి.
Once = ఒకప్పుడు, ఒకసారి.
Book = పుస్తకము.
Hear = వినుట.
Stop = ఆపుట.
Without = లేకుండా.
Second = రెండవ.
Later = తరువాత.
Miss = గురితప్పు,పెండ్లికాని యువతి.
Body = శరీరము, ఏదేని విషయము.
Music = సంగీతము.
Colour = రంగు.
Stand = నిలబడు.
Sun =సూర్యుడు.
Questions = ప్రశ్నలు.
Fish = చేప.
Area = ప్రాంతము, వైశాల్యము.
Mark =గుర్తు, చిహ్నం, అంశం.
Dog =కుక్క.
Horse =గుర్రం.
Birds =పక్షులు.
Problem =సమస్య.
Complete =పూర్తి చేయు.
Room = గది.
Knew =తెలిసుకొనెను.
Since = అప్పటినుండి.
Ever = ఎప్పుడయిన, ఎప్పటికిని.
Piece = ముక్క.
Told = చెప్పెను.
Usually = సాధారణంగా.
Didn’t = కాదు.
Friends = స్నేహితులు.
Easy = సులభంగానున్న.
Heard = వినెను.
Order = ఆజ్ఞాపించు.
Red = ఎర్రని.
Door = తలుపు.
Pure = శుద్ధమైన.
Become = అగు, తగు, సంభవించు.
Top = కొన, శిఖరము,బొంగరము.
Ship = ఓడ,నావ.
Across = అడ్డముగా.
Today = ఈరోజు.
During = కాలమున, అప్పుడు.
Short = పొట్టి, తక్కువైన.
Better = మంచిదైన, మేలైన.
Best = ఉత్తమమైన.
However = ఎట్లయినను, అయినప్పటికి.
Low = తక్కువైన, పల్లమైన.
Hours = గంట.
Black =నల్లని.
Products =ఉత్పత్తులు.
Happened = సంభవించెను.
Whole = మొత్తము.
Measure = కొలుచు.
Remember = గుర్తుతెచ్చుకొను.
Early = ముందుగా
Waves =అలలు.
Listen =వినుట.
Wind =గాలి.
Rock =రాయి.
Space =విశాల విశ్వం,ఖాళి స్థలం.
Covered = కప్పి ఉంచెను.
Fast = వేగమయిన.
Several = వివిధములైన, రకరకాలైన.
Hold = పట్టుకొనెను.
Himself = తనకుతాను.
Toward = వైపునకు.
Five = ఐదు.
Step = అడుగు.
Morning = ఉదయము.
Passed = ఉత్తీర్ణుడయ్యెను.
Vowel =అచ్చు.
True =నిజము, సత్యము.
Hundred = వంద.
Against =వ్యతిరేకము.
Pattern = వరుసలు.
Numeral = నంఖ్యాత్మకమైన.
Table = బెంచి బల్ల.
North = ఉత్తర దిక్కు.
Slowly = నెమ్మదిగా.
Money = డబ్బు.
Map = పటము.
Done =చేసెను.
English = ఆంగ్ల భాష.
Road = దారి, మార్గము.
Half = సగము.
Ten = పది.
Fly = ఎగురుట
Gave = ఇచ్చెను.
Box =పెట్టి
Finally =చివరగా.
Wait = కాచుకొనియుండు.
Correct = నిజమైన, సరియైన.
Oh = ఓ, అయ్యో.
Quickly = త్వరగా.
Person = వ్యక్తి.
Became = అయ్యెను.
Shown = చూపైంచెను.
Minutes = నిమిషము.
Strong = బలమైన.
Verb = క్రియాపదము.
Stars = నక్షత్రములు.
Front = ముందు.
Feel = తలంచు, అభిప్రాయపడు.
Fact = సత్యము.
Inches = అంగుళములు.
Street = వీధి.
Decided =నిశ్చయించెను.
Contain = కలిగియండు.
Course = మార్గం,అభివృద్ధి.
Surface =ఉపరితలము.
Produce = ఉత్పత్తి చేయు.
Building =నిర్మాణము.
Ocean =మహాసముద్రము.
Class = తరగతి.
Note =సూచన.
Nothing =ఏమీ లేదు.
Rest =మిగిలిన,విశ్రాంతి.
Carefully = జాగ్రత్తగా.
Scientists = శాస్త్రవేత్త.
Inside = లోపలివైపున.
Wheels = చక్రములు.
Stay = ఉండు,నిలిచిఉండు.
Green = పచ్చని.
Known = తెలిసిన.
Island = దీవి.
Week = వారము.
Less = తక్కువైన.
Machine = యంత్రము.
Base = పునాది,నీచమైన,ఆధారపడు.
Ago = పూర్వము.
Stood = నిలబడెను.
Plane = తలము,విమానము.
System =వ్యవస్థ.
Behind = వెనుక.
Ran = పరుగెత్తెను.
Round = చట్టూ.
Boat = పడవ.
Game = ఆట.
Force =బలము ఉపయోగించు.
Brought = తెచ్చెను.
Understand = అర్ధముచేసుకోను.
Worm = వెచ్చని.
Common = ఉమ్మడిగాయున్న.
Bring = తెచ్చెను.
Explain = వివరించు.
Dry = పొడిగాయున్న.
Though = అయునప్పటికిని.
Language = భాష.
Shape = ఆకారము.
Deep = లోతైన.
Thousands = వేలు.
Yes = అవును.
Clear = తేటయైన, నిర్మలమైన.
Equation = సమాసము
Yet =ఇంకనూ.
Government =ప్రభుత్వము.
Can’t = సాధ్యముకాని.
Matter = విషయము.
Square = చదరము.
Syllables = సంగ్రహము, పాఠ్యభాగము.
Perhaps =బహుశా.
Bill = చట్టము, లెక్క,చీటి.
Felt = అనుభూతి పొందెను.
Suddenly = అకస్మాత్తుగా.
Test = పరీక్ష.
Direction =దర్శకత్వం.
Center = మధ్యన.
Formers =వ్యవసాయదారులు.
Ready = సిద్ధముగా ఉండు.
Anything =ఏదైననూ.
Divided = విభాగించెను.
General =సామాన్యము.
Energy = శక్తి.
Subject = విషయము.
Europe = యూరప్ ఖండం.
Moon = చందమామ.
Region = ప్రాంతము.
Return = తిరిగి ఇచ్చు.
Believe =నమ్మకము.
Dance = నాట్యము.
Members = సభ్యులు.
Picked =ఏరెను.
Simple =సులభమైన, సామాన్యమైన.
Cells = కణములు.
Paint = వర్ణము, రంగు.
Mind = బుద్ధి,మెదడు.
Love =ప్రేమ.
Cause =కారణము.
Rain = వర్షము.
Exercise = ఆభ్యాసము.
Eggs = గుడ్లు.
Train = రైలుబండి.
Blue = నీలిరంగు.
Wish = ఆకాక్ష, కోరిక.
Drop = వదిలివేయు.
Developed = అభివృద్ధి చేయు.
Window =కిటికి.
Difference = భేదము.
Distance = దూరము.
Heart =హృదయము,గుండె.
Sit =కూర్చొనుట.
Some = కొంత, కొన్ని.
Summer = వేసవి.
Wall = గోడ.
Forest =అడవి.
Probably = బహుశా.
Legs =కాళ్ళు.
Sat = కూర్చొనెను.
Main = ప్రధానమైన.
Winter = శీతాకాలము.
Wide =వెడల్పైన, పెద్ద.
Written =వ్రాయబడిన.
Length = పొడవు.
Kept = ఉంచెను.
Interest = వడ్డీ, ఆసక్తి.
Arms = చేయి, ఆయుధము.
Brother =సోదరుడు.
Race = జాతి,పందెం.
Present = ప్రస్తుతము.
Beautiful =అందమైన.
Store = నిల్వయుండునది,అంగడి.
Job = పని.
Edge = అంచు.
Past =జరిగిపోయిన.
Sign =సంతకము, గుర్తు.
Record =వ్రాసిపెట్టు, భద్రపరచు.
Finished = పూర్తిచేసెను.
Discovered = కనిపెట్టెను.
Wild =క్రూరమైన.
Happy =సంతోషము.
Jump = దూకుట.
Sing = పాడుట.
Know =తెలుసు.
Think =ఆలోచించు.
Ear = చెవి.
Nose = ముక్కు.
Mood = మానసిక స్థితి.
Chair =కుర్చీ.
Tiny = చిన్న.
Hunt =వేటాడు.
Guess = ఊహించు.
Nobody =ఎవరునూ లేరు.
Birthday = పుట్టిన రోజు.
Six =ఆరు.
Waste = వృధా.
Animal = జంతువు.
Figure = పటటము.
Drink =త్రాగుట.
Away =దూరము.
Gold =బంగారము.
Smile =చిరునవ్వు.
Dream =కల.
Part =భాగము.

💟💟💟💟💟💟💟💟💟💟

TENSES

PAIR OF WORDS

*💥Pair of words* 

1. Bits and pieces - Small individual things
(చిన్న చిన్న భాగాలు)
Then there are all the other bits and pieces involved in a wedding: invitations, photos, and car hire.

2. By and large - Mostly, generally; with few exceptions
(పూర్తిగా పెద్దగా)
It was, by and large, an exceptional presentation.

3. Give or take - Approximately; plus or minus some unknown amount.
(సుమారుగా)
He was six feet tall, give or take.

4. Hustle and bustle - A large amount of activity and work, usually in a noisy surrounding.
(తీరిక లేని రోజువారీ పనులు)
He moved to his parents' farm to have a break from the hustle and bustle of the big city.

5. More or less - Mostly/ approximately/ almost
(ఎక్కువతక్కువగా)
There are hundred people in the room, more or less.

6. On and off -  Intermittently.
(అడపాదడపా)
With so much worry, I only slept on and off last night.

7. Part and parcel - An integral or essential piece; that which must be done or accepted as part of something else
(ఒక దానిలో భాగంగా)
Regular maintenance is part and parcel of owning a car.

8. Peace and quite - A period of calm, silence,etc., especially after noise, stress
(శాంతి మరియు నిశ్శబ్దం)
Why don’t you all go and play outside? Your mother needs a bit of peace and quiet.

9. Pros and cons - The positive and negative attributes of arguments.
(సానుకూల మరియు ప్రతికూల లక్షణాలు)
We need to look at the pros and cons of each system.

10. Safe and sound - Safe from danger and free from injury or harm
(సురక్షితంగా మరియు బాగుగా)
I won't be able to relax during this storm until I know that the kids are both safe and sound.

DETERMINERS..

Group of crows - Murder

WESTERN PHILOSOPHERS

*💟Have you ever read these Western philosophers💟*
----------------------------------------------

1. *Leo Tolstoy (1828-1910)*

"Hindus and Hindutva will one day rule the world, because this is a combination of knowledge and wisdom".

2. *Herbert Wells (1846 - 1946):*

"Until the effectiveness of Hindutva is restored, how many generations will suffer atrocities and life will be cut off, then one day the entire world will be attracted to it, on that day there will be Dilshad and on that day the world will be inhabited.

3. *Albert Einstein (1879-1955):*

"I understand that through his intelligence and awareness he did that which the Jews could not do. In Hinduism it is the power that can lead to peace."

4. *Huston Smith (1919):*

"The faith which is upon us and this is better than us in the world, then it is Hindutva. If we open our hearts and minds for it, then it will be good for us".

5. *Michael Nostradamus (1503 - 1566):*

"Hindutva will become the ruler religion in Europe, but the famous city of Europe will become the Hindu capital".

6. *Bertrand Russell (1872 - 1970):*

"I read Hinduism and realized that it is for the religion of all the world and all mankind." Hindutva will spread throughout Europe and in Europe, big thinkers of Hinduism will emerge. One day it will come that Hindus will be the real stimulus of the world. ".

7. *Gosta Lobon (1841 - 1931):*

"Hindus speak of peace and reconciliation. I invite Christians to appreciate the faith of reform."

8. *Bernard Shaw (1856 - 1950):*

"The entire world will accept Hindu religion one day and if it can not even accept the real name it will accept it by name only." West will accept Hindutva one day and Hindu will be the religion of those who have studied in the world ".

9. *Johann Geith (1749 - 1832):*

"We all have to accept Hinduism now or later and this is the real religion. If I say no to Hindu, I will not feel bad, I accept this right thing."

❇❇❇❇❇❇❇❇❇❇

IDIOMS WITH COUNTRIES

*IDIOMS WITH COUNTRIES*

1.Take French leave

Meaning: To leave work without permission

Example: The driver had taken French leave

2. To go Dutch

Meaning: to split the bill in a restaurant between everyone who ate together.

Example: Sally said she wouldn’t let a man pay for her meal on a first date. She prefers to go Dutch.

3. Dutch courage

Meaning: rinking a little alcohol to give you courage (bravery/confidence) before you have to do something.

Example: I think I’ll have a glass of whiskey for Dutch courage before I ask that girl if she wants to dance with me.

4. It’s all Greek to me

Meaning: this phrase is used when don’t understand or have no knowledge on a topic.

Example: I tried to watch a TV show about physics last night, but I gave up. It was all Greek to me.

5.Chinese whispers 

Meaning: This expression originally comes from a children’s game. It is often used as a metaphor for mistakes and inaccurate information which comes from rumours or gossip.

Example: All this talk about the President resigning is just Chinese whispers. There’s no truth to this rumour at all.

6. A Mexican Standoff

Meaning: This is expression is used when two groups can not agree on what to do next. Often used to describe a situation in business where there is gridlock.

Example: There seems to be a Mexican standoff in the talks as neither the buyer or seller can agree on a price.

7. When in Rome (do as Romans do)

Meaning: When you’re visiting a different country, you should behave like the people who live there.

Example: I don't love cotton candy, but we are at a carnival. When in Rome, right?

8. Talk for England

Meaning: when someone can talk for hours and hours

Example: I’m so sorry I’m late. I couldn’t get away from Linda. She can talk for England!

9. Indian Summer (UK)

Meaning: a period in late autumn when the weather is unusually warm

Example: Much as I love this Indian Summer,  I wish we had this warm weather in the summer rather than in October.